The Embryonic and Postnatal Development of the Diaphragm: Form and Function

Introduction

The diaphragm is frequently referred to as the only truly essential skeletal muscle of the body. It, like the lungs, must be fully functional at birth in order for the neonate to draw its first breath, even though it is not necessary before that moment. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and is made up of two distinct muscles that develop from four embryonic structures (Nordenskjold et al., 1996; Moore, 1982; De Troyer et al., 1981). This review paper will outline what is known about the embryonic development of the diaphragm, discuss the most common congential defect of the muscle, and then outline some studies on the postnatal development of diaphragm.